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Research Article
Impact of Government Expenditure on Economic Growth in Ethiopia
Teshale Degefa
,
Abera Daba*
Issue:
Volume 13, Issue 1, February 2025
Pages:
1-7
Received:
3 December 2024
Accepted:
19 December 2024
Published:
9 January 2025
DOI:
10.11648/j.ijebo.20251301.11
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Views:
Abstract: This finding explores that the influence of various public expenditures on the economic growth of Ethiopia. The data was examined by utilising secondary sources of data from the National Bank of Ethiopia, and the World Bank. A modified version of the endogenous growth model using the Autoregressive Distribution lag model was applied to attain the effect of public expenditure, and their role in economic growth. Both descriptive and econometric analysis was applied for two separate models estimated by using the consecrated Vector autoregressive approach for the period 1970-2021. ADF-unit root test, Phillips person test, as well as pairwise Granger causality test was also used. All variables were found to be integrated at first different and stable long-run equilibrium relations occur between the dependent and independent variables. It showed that health; investment, consumption, and education expenses have a substantial effect on GDP growth in the eventually or short run. The results of the finding showed that education and expenditures have a negative and noteworthy impact on RGDP in the ultimately as well as short term. However, investment, consumption, and healthy expense were positive and significant influence eventually. An empirical finding exhibited that all variables were statistically significant, and they explained the effect of government expenditure on economic growth. In general, the results indicated that increasing government expenditure on health, investment, and consumption helps GDP, though education expenditure has a negative relation or decreases GDP growth. Thus, from the results of current finding, the government should focus on the sectors that foster economic growth, and the sectors that hinder economic growth should generate their income or transfer to other private sectors.
Abstract: This finding explores that the influence of various public expenditures on the economic growth of Ethiopia. The data was examined by utilising secondary sources of data from the National Bank of Ethiopia, and the World Bank. A modified version of the endogenous growth model using the Autoregressive Distribution lag model was applied to attain the e...
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Research Article
Faith-Based Financial Accountability in Nigeria: A Theological Perspective on Stewardship in Religious Organizations
Reuben Turbi Luka*,
David Luka Gofwan
Issue:
Volume 13, Issue 1, February 2025
Pages:
8-19
Received:
21 December 2024
Accepted:
6 January 2025
Published:
22 January 2025
Abstract: Faith-based organizations play a crucial role in the socio-cultural framework of Nigeria, providing spiritual support and economic aid. However, concerns regarding financial management and transparency have raised significant questions about their accountability, leading to a decline in trust among followers and the broader community. The paper addresses the question of how can faith-based organizations ensure financial accountability while remaining true to their spiritual objectives? This study explores the theological concept of stewardship as a viable framework for improving financial accountability within Nigerian religious institutions. The primary issue identified is the gap between biblical teachings on stewardship and the financial practices observed in many organizations. Against this background, the paper examines the theological foundations of financial stewardship, assesses the current challenges related to financial accountability in Nigerian faith-based organizations, and proposes strategies grounded in theological ethics. By emphasizing the theological aspects of accountability, the research highlights the necessity of ethical leadership, transparency, and the active involvement of congregants in financial governance. Utilizing a qualitative methodology, the study combines scriptural insights with modern theological scholarship, enabling a comprehensive understanding of the interplay between theology and financial practices in Nigeria. The findings contribute to the fields of theology and religious studies by offering a theological framework for financial accountability that is deeply rooted in biblical principles of stewardship. Furthermore, the study provides strategies and insight for religious organizations to enhance trust, credibility, and operational efficiency in their missions. By analyzing financial mismanagement through a theological lens, the study bridges the gap between faith and financial ethics, advocating for an accountability model that reflects both spiritual and societal values.
Abstract: Faith-based organizations play a crucial role in the socio-cultural framework of Nigeria, providing spiritual support and economic aid. However, concerns regarding financial management and transparency have raised significant questions about their accountability, leading to a decline in trust among followers and the broader community. The paper add...
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Review Article
Effect of Research and Development (R&D) on Company Performance in Cameroon: An Application of the Generalized Propensity Score
Mboe Bobo Mathurin Patrick*
Issue:
Volume 13, Issue 1, March 2025
Pages:
20-34
Received:
23 December 2024
Accepted:
10 January 2025
Published:
12 February 2025
Abstract: R&D expenditure is a must for any company wishing to remain competitive and sustainable in this globalized world. However, they need to be controlled to ensure that they do not have a rather unfavorable effect due to market uncertainty. For this reason, this article analyzes the effect of R&D on company performance in Cameroon. The latter is measured by value added on the one hand, and net profit on the other. The study is based on a sample of 162 Cameroonian companies having invested in Research and Development (R&D). This sample is taken from the survey on the determinants of business performance in sub-Saharan Africa carried out in 2014 by the International Development Research Centre (IDRC). The results of the generalized propensity score estimation show that in Cameroon, company performance indicators grow monotonically as R&D expenditure increases These results are confirmed by the robustness analysis performed by applying the Generalized Propensity Score under the generalized linear and quantile approach. Thus, companies in Cameroon need to take advantage of government R&D subsidies and appropriate the results of research carried out in universities and research centers, and train their employees on an ongoing basis to promote R&D within the company and improve performance.
Abstract: R&D expenditure is a must for any company wishing to remain competitive and sustainable in this globalized world. However, they need to be controlled to ensure that they do not have a rather unfavorable effect due to market uncertainty. For this reason, this article analyzes the effect of R&D on company performance in Cameroon. The latter is measur...
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Research Article
AI and Ethics: Scale Development for Measuring Ethical Perceptions of Artificial Intelligence Across Sectors and Countries
Ezgi Yildirim Saatci*
Issue:
Volume 13, Issue 1, March 2025
Pages:
35-50
Received:
4 February 2025
Accepted:
13 February 2025
Published:
28 February 2025
Abstract: Artificial Intelligence (AI) has rapidly become an integral technology across many sectors, including healthcare, finance, research, and manufacturing. AI’s ability to automate processes, analyse large datasets, and make predictive decisions offers significant opportunities for innovation, but it also raises profound ethical challenges. Ethical concerns regarding AI encompass issues of transparency, accountability, fairness, data privacy, and the need for human oversight. Given the diverse applications of AI, these ethical concerns vary not only by sector but also across different cultural and regulatory environments. Despite growing discourse on AI ethics, empirical tools for assessing ethical perceptions of AI across varied organizational contexts remain limited. From that need, this study introduces the AI and Ethics Perception Scale (AEPS), designed to measure individual and collective perceptions of AI ethics across five key dimensions: Transparency, Accountability, Privacy, Fairness, and Human Oversight. The AEPS was developed through a rigorous methodological process, beginning with a pilot study of 112 participants and validated with data from 417 participants across three culturally diverse countries: Turkey, India, and the United Kingdom. The scale was used to assess ethical perceptions in sectors such as healthcare, finance, and manufacturing. Both Exploratory Factor Analysis (EFA) and Confirmatory Factor Analysis (CFA) were used to validate the scale’s structure. This study reveals significant cross-cultural and cross-sectoral differences in the prioritization of ethical concerns, demonstrating the need for contextually sensitive ethical frameworks for AI governance.
Abstract: Artificial Intelligence (AI) has rapidly become an integral technology across many sectors, including healthcare, finance, research, and manufacturing. AI’s ability to automate processes, analyse large datasets, and make predictive decisions offers significant opportunities for innovation, but it also raises profound ethical challenges. Ethical con...
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Research Article
Incidence of Malaria and Human Capital Development in Anglophone West African Countries
Ameji Enemona Negedu*,
Charity Philip Sidi
Issue:
Volume 13, Issue 1, March 2025
Pages:
51-61
Received:
19 November 2024
Accepted:
9 December 2024
Published:
6 March 2025
DOI:
10.11648/j.ijebo.20251301.15
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Abstract: The research investigates the influence of malaria incidence on health outcomes and the advancement of human capital in Anglophone West African nations, covering the timeframe from 2000 to 2023. The stationarity assessment reveals a mixed degree of stationarity, represented as 1(0) and 1(1) among the variables, with the Human Development Index (HDI) serving as the dependent variable indicative of human capital development, while the Mortality Rate of under-five children (U5M), malaria incidence rate (MLI), adult female mortality rate (ADMF), and adult male mortality rate (ADMM) function as independent variables. Accordingly, the study selects the Pooled Mean Group (PMG) methodology as its estimation approach. The results of the study revealed that in the short-run U5M and MLI all have an inverse relationship with HDI and is insignificant to HDI, while ADMF has positive relationship with HDI, and ADMM have a negative relationship with HDI but both were all having a substantial effect on HDI, while in the long-term all the independent variables have a positive relationship with HDI, only U5M that was found to be significant. Based on the findings, the study recommended that Anglophone west Africa countries should prioritize investments in malaria prevention, diagnosis and treatment, as well as integrate malaria control programs into broader health and education policies.
Abstract: The research investigates the influence of malaria incidence on health outcomes and the advancement of human capital in Anglophone West African nations, covering the timeframe from 2000 to 2023. The stationarity assessment reveals a mixed degree of stationarity, represented as 1(0) and 1(1) among the variables, with the Human Development Index (HDI...
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